General Hardware Input/Output

• Ports
  Video, Keyboard, IDE(ATA), Parallel, Serial, USB, IR, RF, Joystick
• Peripherals
  Displays,LEDs, LCDs, Printers, Fax, Barcodes, Cameras, Speech, Servos, Motors, Steppers, Mouse, Autos, Relays & Solenoids, Robots, Sensors,
• Networks OSI 3 - Network layer
  TCP/IP (aka "The Internet"), Packet Radio, EDI, Telephone / pagers

• Busses and Communication Standards - OSI 2 - Data Link layer

  • I2C, SPI,  USB, X10, iButton
  • PSI, ISA, VME, AGP, etc...

• Interfacing OSI 1 - Physical Layer

  • Logic Levels, Digital to Analog, Analog to Digital, PWM, Filters,
  • DSP, Modem signals, Audio
  • Sensors, Cables,  Busses, Components
  • Timing
  • switch debouncing
  • to people

Also:

• I/O Programming Methods
• Micro controller interfacing to analog sensors
• PIC Specific I/O
• SX Specific I/O
• AVR Specific IO
• Internet Of Things (IOT) (I.O.T.)

See also:

• /techref/pcbixmax.htm Maximum interconnect options from minimum board space+
• DesignGroupLa of DAC refers to:
  http://www.digac.com/iosource.htm
  Modem features like AT command set, DTMF decode and Caller ID Ring detect and audio I/O for PIC
• http://www.learn-c.com/ Control And Embedded Systems. Tutorials and a Low cost PC IO board design.
• http://www.beyondlogic.org/ Craig Peacock's superb guide to all things serial and parallel.
• http://margo.student.utwente.nl/stefan/ has info on various ports (parallel, serial, keyboard, etc.)
• The comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.* FAQ (posted on news.answers and comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc, available via ftp from ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.misc) contains connector/bus pinouts and other useful information.
• http://www.hut.fi/~then/electronics/computer.html#pchardware IBM, Technical Reference, Personal Computer AT, 1984
• "The IBM Personal Computer, from the Inside Out" by Sargent and Shoemaker (published by Addison-Wesley) provides a lot of information about interfacing an IBM type PC to various things.
• Talking to a floppy control from NC4000:
  ftp://ftp.hal.com/pub/elvey/floppy.txt
• Using a non-DOS machine to talk to a DOS disk
  ftp://ftp.hal.com/pub/elvey/disk.txt
• http://www-techdoc.intel.com and www.national.com Look up the datasheets for their super-IO parts, which have Paralell Port, Serial Port, RTC, Floppy Controller, all in one chip.
• http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~ih/doc/adc_dac/
• 16- and 32-bit DLLs for port I/O may be found at: http://www.lvr.com
• WINio.Dll and WIN32io for Windows 95 http://www.ping.be/~ping0751
• Accessing PC I/O ports in Windows http://www.rain.org/~pra
• EDE300 Application Note #1: Device Control via the PC http://www.elabinc.com In the 'Integrated Circuits' section under 'EDE300'
• The Analog Devices AD9850 is a CMOS, 125 MHz complete direct digital synthesiser on a single chip. It uses a single 5 V or 3.3 V supply, and with a 125 MHz clock, can generate a low-distortion sine wave or a square wave, from under 1 Hz up to about 60 MHz, with a tuning resolution of 0.0291 Hz. Full data on the device is available from ADI's web site: http://www.analog.com
• Commercial Communication Standards from the Defense Information Systems Agency
• http://www.vex.net/~pcook/rec.audio.pro/ - audio recording info.

"low-cost interface boards" to plug into a PC (ISA, PCI, serial, parallel, USB, FireWire, ...)

• analog input/output: see io/atod.htm
• ...
• digital input/output
• ...

See:

• /techref/microchip/seepicsrc/index.htm
• /techref/microchip/alternatives.htm
• /techref/microchip/autobaud-ol.htm
• /techref/piclist/codegen/index.htm
• /techref/microchip/ide.htm
• /techref/microchip/power.htm
• /techref/microchip/routines.htm

Also see

• /techref/microchip/fr.htm
• /techref/microchip/pwr-picmotor.htm

Questions:

• spamdude2z at STOPspamyahoo.com asks:

  I'm trying to build be a cnc machine controlled with a PC computer.
  
  Has anybody used the X100 PC ISA I/O board from Tecel?
  
  I would like to know how reliable is it.
  
  Dod...

  $40.00 : the X100 PC ISA I/O board from Tecel http://tecel.com/x100/

See:

• /techref/io/mics.htm Microphones

Maximum interconnect options from minimum board space +

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